| No. | English | Farsi | Pashto | مضمون |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 241 | last-in, first out (LIFO): an inventory valuation method that assumes the inventory items purchased or produced last are the first items sold; during times of inflation results in a higher cost of goods sold (lower tax) and an undervaluation of ending inventory; not allowed under IFRS. | - | - | Accounting |
| 242 | just-in-time (JIT): a system in which production time and costs are minimized by not delivering raw materials, components and parts etc. to the manufacturing process until the time they are actually required (JIT manufacturing system); or inventory carrying costs are minimized because products are not produced until they have been ordered (JIT inventory system). | - | - | Accounting |
| 243 | joint products: two or more distinct products that appear at exactly the same time from a single production process; products can be individually identified at the split-off point, which is the point where the single process ends. | - | - | Accounting |
| 244 | joint cost: production costs up to the point (split-off point) where two or more products can be identified separately. | - | - | Accounting |
| 245 | job order costing: a system for determining the manufacturing cost (direct materials, direct labour, and manufacturing overhead) for a single item or a batch of homogeneous items; often associated with custom orders. | - | - | Accounting |
| 246 | investments: financial instruments, such as equities/shares and property, that increase in value due to appreciation but are also subject to market fluctuations; and financial instruments, such as cash and bonds, that are held to generate income. | - | - | Accounting |
| 247 | investment securities: financial instruments (e.g. debt and equity securities, derivatives) that are held in the long-term with the main purpose of earning revenue. | - | - | Accounting |
| 248 | investment revenues: earnings on debt and equity securities; usually in the form of dividends or interest. | - | - | Accounting |
| 249 | investment centre: a business division or segment where management has the authority to make all decisions regarding revenues, expenses and the use of assets; performance is measured with return on investment and/or residual income. | - | - | Accounting |
| 250 | inventory valuation: the cost of inventory at the end of the accounting period subject to the lower of cost and net realizable value (LCNRV) rule. Methods of valuation include specific identification; first-ion, first-out (FIFO); and weighted average. | - | - | Accounting |
| 251 | inventory shrinkage: the difference between what is recorded for inventory in the accounting records and the actual physical inventory on hand; results from theft (by employees or shoplifting), counting errors, evaporation, etc. | - | - | Accounting |
| 252 | inventory cost flow assumption: a method used to assign costs to cost of goods sold and ending inventory; except for the specific identification method, it would be too onerous to try to record costs to match the physical flow, especially for large inventories of homogeneous items. Companies choose a cost flow assumption that is close to their actual flow. | - | - | Accounting |
| 253 | inventory: merchandise being held for sale (merchandising company) or raw materials and work-in-process items that will be used to produce finished goods that are held for sale (manufacturing company). | - | - | Accounting |
| 254 | inventoriable cost: all the costs required to purchase merchandise for sale or produce finished goods for sale plus any costs incurred to make the items ready to sell. | - | - | Accounting |
| 255 | internal rate of return: a discount rate that causes the net present value of an investment to be zero; used to evaluate the profitability of an investment. | - | - | Accounting |